How to operate enterprise IT productivity measurem

How to operate enterprise IT productivity measurement

what role does it play in enterprise management? How does it promote enterprise productivity? How to evaluate the impact of it cost on the overall cost of the enterprise? These problems have always existed in the minds of enterprise executives, but because there has been a lack of effective accounting methods for the relationship between it and enterprise productivity, these problems are only vague answers in a subjective way of personal impression. Now, it is time to use a ruler to solve these problems

it is productivity

everyone knows the word productivity, but many people are confused about the relationship between it and enterprise productivity. Although they know that it will promote productivity, this explanation is more often just a slogan. Generally, enterprises' understanding of it stays on the concept of "tools". No matter how expensive a shovel is, it is only a fixed asset. In the cost accounting of operation, its importance is far less than the fixed costs of rent, labor, etc. for most small and medium-sized enterprises, the term "Office expenses" summarizes them

but in fact, enterprises will find that the effectiveness and cost of IT systems often affect the operation of enterprises. Sometimes the degree can be described as "intolerable": the accounting computer is broken, all data is lost, and there is no backup. Many reports need to be recalculated with the original manual account; The inventory system of the warehouse keeper is damaged, and only manual stock in and out orders are left. If you want to calculate the turnover of goods in the current month, three or five people can work it out after three days and nights. This is still under the assumption that there will be no mistakes or omissions in the original documents; The boss's laptop was stolen. Without mentioning the company's confidential documents, the boss's own plans for several large orders evaporated, and the success rate of order printing fell below the sea level...

as the saying goes, we only know to cherish it when we lose it. The importance of it will be realized only in this case, and its relationship with enterprise productivity will also surface. But before discussing this relationship, It is necessary to clarify how it affects the operation of enterprises on those elements. Of course, for the majority of small and medium-sized enterprises, it itself is a complex knowledge, and the problem entangled in the academic nature has no practical significance. Therefore, this paper discusses it with understandable concepts and ways of thinking

generally speaking, the application of it in enterprises should be divided into several levels, and there are many different views on how to define the levels. But from a general understanding point of view, the enterprise application of it can be divided into three levels: office automation, management networking and business intelligence, which also correspond to the corresponding levels of enterprise operation

the relationship between these three levels and enterprise operation can be seen in the following table:

office automation is the easiest to understand. Today's enterprises, whether sales, administration, finance and personnel, generally need to be equipped with a computer. This computer, like the past paper, pens and account books, belongs to office supplies, while other printers are of the same nature, Their most basic function is to turn the information put on paper into 1 and 0, digitalization. Only digitalization of information, and then the process of communication, processing, storage and so on, can be separated from the paper and human hands and brain, and can form a "black box", that is, put the information in, process the information according to your requirements, and get the results. As long as you care about the results, how does it do it, You don't have to see it

office automation is only the most basic level in the information age at present, but after being concreted by the corresponding hardware equipment and the applied office software, the effect is not exactly the same. This is like in the bronze age, everyone has bronze weapons, but the style and manufacturing technology of this weapon will also lead to different combat effectiveness of different armies, This is the level of productivity embodied in office automation

the next level is management networking, which is also divided into two parts. One part involves the networking of enterprise internal management. No matter the internal office, or the enterprise's capital flow, logistics and other business processes, they are all built on an IT platform that can be shared and communicated in real time after information digitization. The other part is aimed at the level of interaction between enterprises and customers. ERP belongs to the former and CRM belongs to the latter. In addition, such as telecom charging system, hospital his system, supermarket POS system, etc., all belong to the management network directly related to business

on the one hand, management networking is the result of it going deep into the internal management process of the enterprise. As far as the internal management of the enterprise is concerned, it needs to overcome the obstacles of information communication caused by time and space factors, which lead to the rise of costs and expenses and the increase of risks of the enterprise. On the other hand, it is also the impact of it on the specific business of the enterprise. It can collect and digitize business-related information through various technical means, Further processing and analysis, this automated and multi-directional process will bring many advantages to the enterprise. The stronger the relevance with it, the more advantages. Therefore, more often, it is a process that allows users to get close to it as much as possible. For example, the popularity of credit card consumption in the United States is a process of it development and improvement

the biggest feature of management networking is networking. Please don't confuse it with specific technologies such as Ethernet. The essence of this level is two: first, the scope of black box extends from individuals to all data-based operation processes within the whole enterprise. A factory picks up goods from a warehouse half a world away in physical location within one minute through an automatic picking system. Warehouse managers don't have to care about how these information is sent, Through which physical processes and circuits, and how to be received, office automation turns a person's information processing process into a black box, and Management Networking turns the management process in an enterprise into a black box. Another essence is that after the export of this black box is extended to all people, it is not consistent for all people. It is subject to the rules formulated by the integration of it and enterprise processes. There are different rules at different levels, and these rules include the process of the enterprise. Therefore, for different positions in the enterprise, this black box is also of different sizes

it's productivity is the most affirmed but most doubted at this level. The affirmation lies in that, theoretically speaking, it is the most prominent at this level, whether it is to reduce costs or achieve revenue. Dell's supply chain management, CRM's direct judgment and planning of revenue prospects, it is the premise of everything, not to mention those processes directly related to business. The suspicion is that in the internal management of enterprises, especially when it comes to management and business process reengineering, people can't coordinate the relationship between it and the core elements of the internal operation of enterprises that are separated from it. The failure rate of ERP implementation is higher than 60%, which is an obvious example. From this, it can be seen that at this level, it can clearly reflect the essence of it as a tool, which can't override the operation and management of the whole enterprise, But it can also be seen that it can be clearly classified as a kind of productivity

at this level, it productivity is not easy to measure, but its level can at least be clearly compared. Whether the most basic hardware system is reliable, how is its availability, how is the application cost, how is the quality and performance of the software system, how is its scalability, and how is the implementation of the enterprise. These problems all involve how high the productivity of the whole it at this level

business intelligence is still a rather mysterious topic at present, because on the one hand, it is the top and forefront of it development, and it is also the forefront of enterprise business philosophy and theory. Leaving aside the current "business intelligence" software, business intelligence requires many it prerequisites, such as the ability to redeploy business at any time, such as the supply of IT resources paid on demand, and so on, whether grid computing or on-demand computing, These are still a concept, which can only be seen in some fragmented business segments, and also hide in the purdah of large enterprises, which can not benefit the majority of small and medium-sized enterprises, so there is no need to talk about it in detail. What we need to understand is that at this level, it will minimize the cost of the enterprise and maximize the benefits of the existing business model of the enterprise. For enterprises, people only need to care about people's problems and the most fundamental problems of the enterprise, such as planning and expanding new businesses. At this level, it productivity belongs to another category that needs to be discussed

absolute productivity and relative productivity of office automation

for most small and medium-sized enterprises, it is office automation, and their business does not need special IT systems to support. Although the annual output of a shoe factory in Wenzhou can be calculated by millions of pairs, there is no supply chain management. Even the basic inventory management can be done only with spreadsheets. They are more concerned about the costs of raw materials, processes and manpower

the productivity difference of office automation is also quite obvious. There are only ten computers in a small trading company with 30 people, five of which are owned by the boss, finance, personnel, administration and cashier, and the business supervisor and warehouse keeper, and the other five are shared by 25 salesmen. A foreign-funded trading company has 400 employees, one laptop computer in each person, and the internal network of the enterprise is still wireless. There is an average network printer in every 100 square meters of office area. Such a productivity level can be seen at a glance, but 4. Fatigue testing machine sensor: it is composed of two parts: sensitive components and processing circuits. Such a comparison is meaningless, so to specifically measure the IT productivity of the enterprise, we must need a set of indicators

the most basic and core indicator to measure productivity is the input-output ratio. Such an indicator seems simple. It is good to compare the IT acquisition cost with the enterprise output value, but it ignores the cost of IT systems in terms of personnel and applications, as well as those factors unrelated to it in the enterprise's operation. More importantly, it ignores the impact of different IT systems on the enterprise, such as the example given earlier, The annual sales of small trading companies is 10 million, and the IT investment is only 10000 per year, while the annual performance of foreign trading companies is 1 billion, and the IT investment is 2 million. The former it investment is 1 yuan, which corresponds to the output value of 1000 yuan, and the latter it investment is 1 yuan, which corresponds to the output value of 500 yuan. Can it be said that the IT productivity of five salespeople sharing one computer is higher than that of one laptop? But if you want to compare the opposite, the most basic logic is not clear: the less the input-output ratio, the higher the IT productivity

in this regard, it is most likely to produce a paradox: the amount of IT investment is not directly proportional to income, but a common sense is that it investment is necessary for enterprise development. The more investment, the more guaranteed development

the paradox arises because the embodiment of IT productivity in the actual performance of enterprises is quite complex, especially for office automation, which involves desktops